• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    panel with an electrical connection element the present invention relates to a panel with at least one electrical connection element, comprising: - a substrate (1), - an electrically conductive structure (2) over a region of the substrate (1), - a connecting element (3), where the connecting element (3) contains at least one steel containing chromium, and - a layer of a soldering material (4), which electrically connects the connecting element (3) to sub-regions of the electrically conductive structure (2).
    公开号:BR112013028049B1
    申请号:R112013028049-2
    申请日:2012-04-17
    公开日:2020-10-06
    发明作者:Harald Cholewa；Christoph Degen；Bernhard Reul；Mitja Rateiczak；Andreas Schlarb；Lothar Lesmeister
    申请人:Saint-Gobain Glass France；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] The invention relates to a panel with an electrical connection element and an economical and environmentally friendly method for its manufacture.
    [0002] The invention also relates to a panel with an electrical connection element for vehicles with electrically conductive structures, such as, for example, heat conductors or antenna conductors. Electrically conductive structures are usually connected to the electrical system on board via welded electrical connection elements. Due to the different thermal expansion coefficients of the materials used, mechanical stresses occur, which deform the panels and can cause the panel to break during manufacture and operation.
    [0003] Lead-containing solders have high ductility, which can compensate for the mechanical stresses that occur between an electrical connection element and the panel due to plastic deformation. However, because of the End of Life Vehicle 2000/53 / EC directive, solders containing lead must be replaced with lead-free solders within the EC. The directive is referred to, in short, by the acronym ELV (End of Life Vehicles). The objective is to ban extremely problematic components from products that result from the massive increase in disposable electronic components. The affected substances are lead, mercury, and cadmium. This refers, among others, to the implementation of lead-free welding materials in electrical applications on glass and the introduction of corponent replacement products.
    [0004] EP 1 942 703 A2 exposes an electrical connection element on vehicle panels, where the difference in the thermal expansion coefficient of the panel and the electrical connection element is <5 x 10-6 / ° C and the element connection material contains predominantly titanium. In order to allow adequate mechanical stability and processability, it is proposed to use an excess of welding material. Excess weld material flows out of the intermediate space between the connecting element and the electrically conductive structure. Excessive welding material causes high mechanical stresses on the glass panel. These mechanical stresses finally result in the panel breaking. In addition, titanium is poorly weldable. This results in poor adhesion of the connecting element to the panel. The connecting element must also be connected to the electronic components on board using an electrically conductive material, for example, copper, by welding, for example. Titanium is poorly weldable.
    [0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a panel with an electrical connection element and an economical and environmentally friendly method for its manufacture, by which critical mechanical stresses on the panel are avoided.
    [0006] The purpose of the present invention is, furthermore, to provide an improved material for the connecting element compared to the prior art, having better availability and better processability, such as brazing capacity, welding capacity, and conformability to cold.
    [0007] The purpose of the present invention is achieved according to the invention by a device according to independent claim 1. Preferred embodiments emerge from the dependent claims.
    [0008] The panel according to the invention with at least one connecting element comprises the following characteristics: - a substrate, - an electrically conductive structure over a region of the substrate, - a connecting element, in which the connecting element contains at least chromium, preferably at least steel containing chromium, and - a layer of a weld material, which electrically connects the connecting element to subregions of the electrically conductive structure.
    [0009] The substrate preferably contains glass, particularly preferably flat glass, float glass, quartz glass, boron silicate glass, sodium-calcium glass. In a preferred alternative embodiment, the substrate contains polymers, particularly preferably, polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, and / or mixtures thereof.
    [0010] The substrate has a first coefficient of thermal expansion. The connecting element has a second coefficient of thermal expansion. In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the difference between the first and the second thermal expansion coefficients is <5 x 10'6 / ° C. Because of this, better adhesion is obtained.
    [0011] An electrically conductive structure is applied over the panel. An electrical connection element is electrically connected by a welding material over subregions to the electrically conductive structure. The weld material flows outward with an output flow width of <1 mm from the intermediate space between the connecting element and the electrically conductive structure.
    [0012] In a preferred embodiment, the maximum output flow width is preferably less than 0.5 mm and, in particular, approximately 0 mm. This is particularly advantageous with regard to the reduction of mechanical stresses on the panel, the adhesion of the connection element, and the reduction in the amount of weld.
    [0013] The maximum output flow width is defined as the distance between the outer edges of the connection element and the point of the weld material crossing, at which the weld material falls below a layer thickness of 50 pm. The maximum output flow width is measured on the solidified weld material after the welding process.
    [0014] A desired maximum output flow width is obtained through an appropriate selection of volume of weld material and vertical distance between the connecting element and the electrically conductive structure, which can be determined by simple experiments. The vertical distance between the connecting element and the electrically conductive structure can be predefined by an appropriate process tool, for example, a tool with an integrated spacer.
    [0015] The maximum output flow width can even be negative, that is, pulled back into the intermediate space formed by an electrical connection element and an electrically conductive structure.
    [0016] In an advantageous embodiment of the panel according to the invention, the maximum output flow width is pulled back into a concave meniscus into the intermediate space formed by the electrical connection element and the electrically conductive structure. A concave meniscus is created, for example, by increasing the vertical distance between the spacer and the conductive structure during the welding process, while the weld is still fluid.
    [0017] The advantage lies in the reduction of mechanical stresses on the panel, in particular, in the critical region present with a large crossing of welding material.
    [0018] The first coefficient of thermal expansion is preferably from 8 x 10 '6 / ° C to 9 x 10'6 / ° C. The substrate is preferably glass, which preferably has a thermal expansion coefficient of 8.3 x 10'6 / ° C to 9 x 10'6 / ° C over a temperature range of 0 ° C to 300 ° C.
    [0019] The second coefficient of thermal expansion is preferably from 9 x 10'6 / ° C to 13 x 10'6 / ° C, particularly preferably from 10 x 10'6 / ° C to 11.5 x 10'6 / ° C in a temperature range from 0 ° C to 300 ° C.
    [0020] The electrically conductive structure according to the invention preferably has a layer thickness from 5 pm to 40 pm, particularly preferably from 5 pm to 20 pm, most particularly preferably from 8 pm to 15 pm and, more particularly , from 10 pm to 12 pm. The electrically conductive structure according to the invention preferably contains silver, particularly preferably silver particles and glass chips.
    [0021] The layer thickness of the weld according to the invention is <3.0 x 10'4 m.
    [0022] The solder material is preferably lead-free, that is, it does not contain lead. This is particularly advantageous with respect to the environmental impact of the panel with an electrical connection element according to the invention. Lead-free solder materials typically have less ductility than lead-containing solder materials, so that mechanical stresses between a connecting element and a panel can be less well compensated. However, it has been shown that critical mechanical stresses can be avoided by means of the connecting element according to the invention. The solder material according to the invention preferably contains tin and bismuth, indium, zinc, copper, silver, or compositions thereof. The proportion of tin in the solder composition according to the invention is 3 wt% to 99.5 wt%, preferably 10 wt% to 95.5 wt%, particularly preferably 15 wt% to 60 % by weight. The proportion of bismuth, indium, zinc, copper, silver, or compositions thereof in the solder composition according to the invention is 0.5% by weight to 97% by weight, preferably 10% by weight to 67% by weight, so the proportion of bismuth, indium, zinc, copper, or silver can be 0% by weight. The solder composition according to the invention may contain nickel, germanium, aluminum, or phosphorus in a proportion of 0% by weight to 5% by weight. The solder composition according to the invention contains, very particularly preferably, Bi40Sn57Ag3, Sn40Bi57Ag3, Bi59Sn40Ag1, Bi57Sn42Ag1, ln97Ag3, Sn95.5Ag3.8Cu0.7, Bi67ln33, Bi33ln50Sn17, Sn77.2ln20Ag2u, Sn95Ag4C1, Sn95Ag4C1, Sn95Ag4C1, Sn95Ag4C1 .5, or mixtures thereof.
    [0023] The connecting element according to the invention preferably contains at least 50% by weight to 89.5% by weight of iron, 10.5% by weight to 20% by weight of chromium, 0% by weight to 1 % by weight of carbon, 0% by weight at 5% by weight of nickel, 0% by weight at 2% by weight of manganese, 0% by weight at 2.5% by weight of molybdenum, and / or 0% by weight weight at 1% by weight of titanium. In addition, the connecting element may contain mixtures of other elements, including vanadium, aluminum, niobium, and nitrogen.
    [0024] The connection element according to the invention can also contain at least 66.5% by weight to 89.5% by weight of iron, 10.5% by weight to 20% by weight of chromium, 0% by weight to 1% by weight of carbon, 0% by weight to 5% by weight of nickel, 0% by weight to 2% by weight of manganese, 0% by weight to 2.5% by weight of molybdenum, 0% by weight to 2% by weight of niobium, and / or 0% by weight to 1% by weight of titanium. In addition, the connecting element may contain mixtures of other elements, including vanadium, aluminum, and nitrogen.
    [0025] In another preferred embodiment, the connection element according to the invention contains at least 65% by weight to 89.5% by weight of iron, 10.5% by weight to 20% by weight of chromium, 0% by weight at 0.5% by weight of carbon, 0% by weight at 2.5% by weight of nickel, 0% by weight at 1% by weight of manganese, 0% by weight at 1% by weight of molybdenum, and / or 0% by weight to 1% by weight of titanium. In addition, the connecting element may contain mixtures of other elements, including vanadium, aluminum, niobium, and nitrogen.
    [0026] The connection element according to the invention can also contain at least 73% by weight to 89.5% by weight of iron, 10.5% by weight to 20% by weight of chromium, 0% by weight to 0.5% by weight of carbon, 0% by weight to 2.5% by weight of nickel, 0% by weight to 1% by weight of manganese, 0% by weight to 1% by weight of molybdenum, 0% by weight weight at 1% by weight of niobium, and / or 0% by weight at 1% by weight of titanium. In addition, the connecting element may contain mixtures of other elements, including vanadium, aluminum, and nitrogen.
    [0027] In another particularly preferred embodiment, the connection element according to the invention contains at least 75% by weight to 84% by weight of iron, 16% by weight to 18.5% by weight of chromium, 0% by weight. weight at 0.1% by weight of carbon, 0% by weight at 1% by weight of manganese, and / or 0% by weight at 1% by weight of titanium. In addition, the connecting element may contain mixtures of other elements, including vanadium, aluminum, niobium, and nitrogen.
    [0028] The connecting element according to the invention can also contain at least 78.5% by weight to 84% by weight of iron, 16% by weight to 18.5% by weight of chromium, 0% by weight to 0, 1% by weight of carbon, 0% by weight to 1% by weight of manganese, 0% by weight to 1% by weight of niobium, and / or 0% by weight to 1% by weight of titanium. In addition, the connecting element may contain mixtures of other elements, including vanadium, aluminum, and nitrogen.
    [0029] The connection element according to the invention is preferably coated with nickel, tin, copper, and / or silver. The connection element according to the invention is particularly preferably provided with an adhesion-promoting layer, preferably made of nickel and / or copper, and, in addition, with a weldable layer, preferably made of silver. The connection element according to the invention is coated, most particularly preferably, with 0.1 pm to 0.3 pm nickel and / or 3 pm to 20 pm silver. The connecting element can be plated with nickel, tin, copper, and / or silver. Nickel and silver improve the current carrying capacity and corrosion stability of the connection element and humidification with the weld material.
    [0030] The connection element according to the invention preferably contains a steel containing chromium with a chromium ratio greater than or equal to 10.5% by weight, and a coefficient of thermal expansion of 9 x 10-6 / ° C to 13 x 10'6 / ° C. Other alloy components, such as molybdenum, manganese, or niobium, result in better corrosion stability or altered mechanical properties, such as tensile strength or cold formability.
    [0031] The advantage of connection elements made of steel containing chromium in comparison with connection elements according to the prior art made of titanium lies in the better brazing capacity. It results from the highest thermal conductivity of 25 W / mK to 30 W / mK compared to the titanium thermal conductivity of 22 W / mK. The higher thermal conductivity results in more uniform heating of the connection element during the welding process, whereby the formation of particularly hot spots ("hot spots") is avoided. These locations are starting points for mechanical stresses and subsequent damage to the panel. The improved adhesion of the connecting element to the panel results, in particular with the use of a lead-free solder material, which can compensate for mechanical stresses less well due to its lower ductility compared to lead-containing solder materials. Chrome-containing steel is also well weldable. With it, better connection of the connection element to the electronic components on board through an electrically conductive material, for example, copper, by welding, is possible. Due to the better cold formability, the connecting element can also be better curled with the electrically conductive material. Chrome-containing steel is also more available.
    [0032] Another advantage of connection elements made of steel that contains chromium lies in the high stiffness compared to many conventional connection elements. Because of it, the connecting element can be less easily deformed, for example, under load from pulling on a metallic wire connected to the connecting element. Such deformation results in the load on the connection between a connecting element and an electrically conductive structure through the weld material. In particular, with lead-free solder materials, such a load should be avoided. The load may be less well compensated as a result of the lower ductility of lead-free solder material compared to lead-containing solder materials, which can lead to panel damage.
    [0033] Steel containing chromium can also be welded, crimped, or glued as a compensation plate over a connection element made, for example, of steel, aluminum, titanium, copper. As a bimetal, the favorable expansion behavior of the connecting element in relation to the glass expansion can be obtained. The compensation plate is preferably shaped like a hat.
    [0034] The electrical connection element contains, on the surface facing the welding material, a coating containing copper, zinc, tin, silver, gold, or alloys or layers thereof, preferably silver. This prevents the weld material from spreading out beyond the coating and limits the outflow width.
    [0035] The electrical connection element can be designed in the form of a bridge with at least two contact surfaces, but also as a connection element with a contact surface.
    [0036] The connecting elements are, in plan view, for example preferably 1 mm to 50 mm in length and width, and particularly preferably 3 mm to 130 mm in length and width, and most particularly preferably 2 mm to 5 mm in length. width and 12 mm up to 24 mm in length.
    [0037] The shape of the electrical connection element can form weld deposits in the intermediate space of the connection element and the electrically conductive structure. The weld deposits and wetting properties of the weld on the connection element prevent the outflow of the weld material from the intermediate space. The weld deposits can be of a rectangular, rounded, or polygonal configuration.
    [0038] The distribution of the welding heat and thus the distribution of the welding material during the welding process can be defined by the shape of the connection element. Welding material flows to the hottest point. For example, the bridge may have a single or double hat shape, in order to advantageously distribute the heat in the connection element during the welding process.
    [0039] The introduction of energy during the electrical connection of an electrical connection element and the electrically conductive structure occurs preferably by means of punches, thermodes, piston welding, preferably laser welding, hot air welding, induction welding, welding by resistance, and / or with ultrasound.
    [0040] The objective of the invention is also achieved through a method for producing a panel with at least one connection element, in which: a) welding material is applied on the contact surfaces of the connection element like a plate with layer thickness, volume, shape, and layout, fixed, b) an electrically conductive structure is applied to a substrate, c) the connecting element with the weld material is placed over the electrically conductive thickness, and d) the connecting element is welded to the electrically conductive structure.
    [0041] The weld material is preferably applied in advance to the connection elements, preferably as a nameplate with a layer thickness, volume, shape, and arrangement, fixed on the connection element.
    [0042] The connection element can, for example, be welded or crimped to a sheet, a braided metallic wire, a mesh made, for example, of copper and connected to the electrical system on board.
    [0043] The connecting element is preferably used in heated panels or in panels with antennas in buildings, in particular in automobiles, trains, aircraft, or boats. The connecting element serves to connect the panel's conducting structures to electrical systems that are arranged outside the panel. Electrical systems are amplifiers, control units, or voltage sources.
    [0044] A preferred embodiment of the invention is a panel with a connection element, in which the contact surface of the connection element has no corners. The electrical connection element is connected over its entire surface to a subregion of the electrically conductive structure through a contact surface. The contact surface may have an oval structure, preferably an elliptical one, and, in particular, a circular structure. Alternatively, the contact surface may have a convex polygonal shape, preferably a rectangular shape, with rounded corners. The rounded corners have a radius of curvature of r> 0.5 mm, preferably of r> 1 mm.
    [0045] The invention is explained in detail with reference to the drawings and example modalities. They show: figure 1 is a perspective view of a first embodiment of the panel according to the invention, figure 1a is a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of the panel according to the invention, figure 2 is a cross section AA through the panel of figure 1, figure 3 is a cross section through an alternative panel according to the invention, figure 4 is a cross section through another alternative panel according to the invention, figure 5 is a section transverse through another alternative panel according to the invention, figure 6 is a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of the panel according to the invention, figure 7 is a cross section B-B 'through the panel of figure 6, figure 8 is a cross section C-C 'through the panel of figure 1, figure 9 is a cross section D-D' through the panel of figure 1a, figure 9a is a cross section through an alternative mode of the panel according to the winte Figure 9b is a plan view of an alternative embodiment of the connecting element, Figure 10 is a plan view of an alternative embodiment of the panel according to the invention with an elliptical connecting element, Figure 11 is a cross section E-E 'through the panel of figure 10, figure 12 is a cross section through an alternative panel according to the invention, figure 13 is a cross section through another alternative panel according to the invention, figure 14 is a plan view of an alternative embodiment of the connecting element, figure 15 is a plan view of another alternative embodiment of the connecting element, figure 16 is a plan view of another alternative embodiment of the connecting element, figure 17 is a side view of the connection element of figure 16, and figure 18 is a cross section through another alternative panel according to the invention with a curved connection element, figure 19 is a perspective view from another view alternative quality of the connection element, and figure 20 is a detailed flow chart of the method according to the invention.
    [0046] Figure 1, figure 2, and figure 8 show, in each case, a detail of a heatable panel 1 according to the invention in the region of the electrical connection element 3. Panel 1 is a safety glass of single, thermally pre-tensioned panel, 3 mm thick, made of sodium-calcium glass. Panel 1 is 150 cm wide and 80 cm high. An electrically conductive structure 2 in the form of a heat conductive structure 2 is printed on the panel 1. The electrically conductive structure 2 contains silver particles and glass chips. In the edge region of the panel 1, the electrically conductive structure 2 is extended to a width of 10 mm and forms a contact surface for the electrical connection element 3. In the edge region of the panel 1, there is also a serigraphic print coverage (not shown). In the region of the contact surface 8 between the electrical connection element 3 and the electrically conductive structure 2, welding material 4 is applied, which makes a durable electrical and mechanical connection between the electrical connection element 3 and the electrically conductive structure 2 Weld material 4 contains 57% by weight of bismuth, 40% by weight of tin, and 3% by weight of silver. The weld material 4 is arranged through a pre-defined volume and shape completely between the electrical connection element 3 and the electrically conductive structure 2. The weld material 4 has a thickness of 250 pm. The electrical connection element 3 is made from steel of material number 1.4509 according to EN 10 088-2 (ThyssenKrupp Nirosta® 4509) with a thermal expansion coefficient of 10.0 x 10'6 / ° C. The electrical connection element 3 is designed in the form of a bridge and has a width of 4 mm and a length of 24 mm.
    [0047] Steel of material number 1.4509 according to EN 10 088-2 has good cold forming properties and good welding properties with all methods, except gas welding. Steel is used for the construction of sound suppressing systems and exhaust gas detoxification systems and is particularly suitable for this due to its scale resistance to more than 950 ° C and resistance to corrosion against the stresses that occur in the system exhaust gas. However, other chromium-containing steels can be used for connection element 3. A particularly suitable alternative steel is, for example, material number 1.4016 according to EN 10 088-2.
    [0048] Figure 1a and figure 9 represent, in each case, a detail of an alternative embodiment of the heating panel 1 according to the invention in the region of the electrical connection element 3. The region 7 of the connection element 3 in the form A bridge is formed at an angle to the surface of the panel. Hereby, due to the capillary effect, a thicker layer of solder material 4 is obtained in the volume that is bounded by the electrically conductive structure 2 and region 7 of the connecting element. The outflow of material and weld over the outer edges of the connection element is thus reduced, advantageously resulting in a reduction of the mechanical stresses on the panel. This is particularly advantageous with the use of a lead-free solder material which can compensate for chemical stresses less well due to its lower ductility compared to lead-containing solder materials. The height adaptation region 7 of the connecting element 3 in the form of a bridge does not necessarily have to be configured as a flat segment, but can, however, also be curved. The angle between the surface of the substrate 1 and each of the tangential planes of the surfaces of the region 7 facing the substrate 1 is preferably less than 90 °, particularly preferably between 2 ° and 75 °, most particularly preferably between 5 ° and 50 °.
    [0049] Figure 3 represents, in continuation with the example embodiment of figures 1 and 2, an alternative embodiment of the connecting element 3 according to the invention. The electrical connection element 3 is provided on the surface facing the weld material 4 with a coating containing silver 5. This prevents the spreading of the weld material beyond the coating 5 and limits the outlet flow width b. In another embodiment, an adhesion promoting layer made, for example, of nickel and / or copper, can be positioned between the connecting element 3 and the layer containing silver 5. The outlet flow width b of the weld material 4 is less than 1 mm. Critical mechanical stresses are not observed in panel 1 due to the arrangement of the welding material 4. The connection of panel 1 to the electrical connection element 3 via electrically conductive structure 2 is durable.
    [0050] Figure 4 represents, in continuation with the example embodiment of figures 1 and 2, another alternative embodiment of the connecting element 3 according to the invention. The electrical connection element 3 contains, on the surface facing the weld material 4, a recess with a depth of 250 pm which forms a weld deposit for the weld material 4. It is possible to completely prevent the outflow of the weld material. weld 4 from the middle space. The thermal stresses on panel 1 are non-critical and a durable electrical and mechanical connection is provided between the connecting element 3 and panel 1 through the electrically conductive structure 2.
    [0051] Figure 5 represents, in continuation with the example embodiment of figures 1 and 2, another alternative embodiment of the connecting element 3 according to the invention. The electrical connection element 3 is curved upwards in the edge regions. The height of the upward curve of the edge region of the glass panel 1 is a maximum of 400 pm. This forms a space for the weld material 4. The predefined weld material 4 forms a concave meniscus between the electrical connection element 3 and the electrically conductive structure 2. It is possible to completely prevent the outflow of weld material 4 to from the intermediate space. The outflow width b, at approximately 0, is less than zero, largely because of the formed meniscus. The thermal stresses on panel 1 are non-critical, and a durable electrical and mechanical connection is provided between the connecting element 3 and panel 1 through the electrically conductive structure 2.
    [0052] Figure 6 and figure 7 represent, in each case, a detail of another modality of panel 1 according to the invention with connection element 3 in the form of a bridge. Connection element 3 contains an iron-containing alloy with a thermal expansion coefficient of 8 x 10 '6 / ° C. The material thickness is 2 mm. In the region of the contact surface 8 of the connection element 3 with the electrically conductive structure 2, compensation elements in the form of a hat 6 are applied with steel containing chromium of material number 1.4509 according to EN 10 088-2 (ThyssenKrupp Nirosta® 4509). The maximum layer thickness of the hat-shaped compensation elements 6 is 4 mm. Through the compensation elements, the thermal expansion coefficients of the connection element 3 can be adapted to the requirements of the panel 1 and the welding material 4. The hat-shaped compensation elements 6 result in better heat flow during production of the weld connection 4. Heating occurs mainly in the center of the contact surface 8. It is possible to further reduce the outlet flow width b of the weld material 4. Because of the small outlet flow width b of <1 mm and the adapted expansion coefficient, it is possible to further reduce the thermal stresses in panel 1. The thermal stresses in panel 1 are non-critical, and a durable electrical and mechanical connection is provided between connection element 3 and panel 1 through the structure electrically conductive 2.
    [0053] Figure 9a represents, in continuation with the example embodiment of figures 1a and 9, an alternative embodiment of the connecting element 3 according to the invention. On each of the surfaces of the flat foot region of the connecting element 3 facing away from the substrate 1, opposite the contact surface 8, a contact corrugation 12 is arranged. The contact undulations 12 are formed, in the mode shown, as hemispheres and have a height of 2.5 x 10'4 m and a width of 5 x 10-4 m. The centers of the contact undulations 12 are arranged approximately at the geometric center of the surfaces of the flat foot regions of the connecting element 3, facing away from the substrate 1. Because of their convex surface, the contact undulations 12 allow a welding advantageously improved connection element to the electrically conductive structure 2. For welding, electrodes whose contact side is flat can be used. The electrode surface is brought into contact with the contact corrugation 12, with the contact region between the electrode surface and the contact corrugation 12 forming a welding point. The position of a welding point is thus preferably determined by the point on the convex surface of the contact undulation 12 which has the maximum vertical distance from the surface of the substrate 1. The position of a welding point is independent of the position of the welding electrode. welding on the connecting element 3. This is particularly advantageous with regard to a uniform reproducible heat distribution during the welding process.
    [0054] The heat distribution during the welding process is determined by the position, size, layout, and geometry of the contact undulation 12. In alternative modalities, the contact undulation 12 can be shaped, for example, as a segment of a rotational or cuboidal ellipsoid, with the surface of the cuboid facing away from the convexly curved substrate. The contact corrugations 12 preferably have a height of 0.1 mm to 2 mm, particularly preferably 0.2 mm to 1 mm. The length and width of the contact corrugations 12 are preferably between 0.1 and 5 mm, most particularly preferably between 0.4 mm and 3 mm.
    [0055] Spacers 11 are arranged on each of the contact surfaces 8. Three spacers 11, for example, among which a spacer 11 is discernible in the cross section shown in the figure, can be arranged on each contact surface 8. Spacers 11 are shaped like hemispheres and have a height of 2.5 x 10'4m and a width of 5 x 10-4m. Spacers 11 can, in alternative embodiments, also be designed as a cube, as a pyramid, or as a segment of a rotational ellipsoid and preferably have a width of 0.5 x 10'4 m to 10 x 10-4 m and a height from 0.5 x 10-4 m to 5 x 10'4 m, particularly preferably from 1 x 10'4 m to 13 x 10'4 m. by means of the spacers 11, the formation of a uniform layer of weld material 4 is favored. Which is particularly advantageous with respect to the adhesion of the connecting element 3.
    [0056] Contact corrugations 12 and spacers 11 can advantageously be formed in one piece with connection element 3. Contact corrugations 12 and spacers 11 can, for example, be formed by reformatting a connecting element 3 with a flat surface in the initial state on the surface, for example, by embossing or deep embossing. In the process, a corresponding depression can be created on the surface of the connecting element 3, opposite the contact corrugation 12 or the spacer 11.
    [0057] By means of the contact corrugations 12 and the spacers 11, a homogeneous layer, of uniform thickness, and uniformly melted, of the welding material 4, is obtained. Thus, mechanical stresses between the connecting element 3 and substrate 1 can be reduced. This is particularly advantageous with the use of a lead-free solder material which can compensate for mechanical stresses less well due to its lower ductility compared to lead-containing solder materials.
    [0058] Figure 9b represents, in continuation with the example embodiment of figures 1a and 9, a plan view of an alternative embodiment of the connecting element 3 according to the invention. The connecting element 3 is designed in the form of a bridge and has a cross section according to figure 9. The limits between the flat subsections are indicated in the plan view by dotted lines. The flat foot regions of the connecting element 3, at the base of which the contact surfaces 8 are arranged, are 8 mm wide and are twice as wide as the bridge region between the foot regions. It has been surprisingly shown that the foot regions that are projected wider than the bridge region result in a reduction of mechanical stresses in panel 1. The width of the foot regions is preferably 150% to 1300% of the width of the foot region. bridge.
    [0059] The figures and figures 11 show, in each case, a detail of another modality of the heatable panel 1 according to the invention in the region of the electrical connection element 3. An outflow of the weld material 4 from the intermediate space between the electrical connection element 3 and the electrically conductive structure 2, which exceeds a layer thickness t of 50 pm, is observed for a maximum output flow width of b = 0.5 mm. The electrical connection element 3 is made from steel of material number 1.4509 in accordance with EN 10 088-2 (ThyssenKrupp Nirosta® 4509). The electrical connection element 3 is designed with an elliptical base surface. The length of the longest axis is 12 mm; the length of the minor axis, 5 mm. the material thickness of the connection element 3 is 0.8 mm. Critical stresses are not observed in panel 1 due to the arrangement of the welding material 4, predefined by the connection element 3 and the electrically conductive structure 2. The connection of the panel 1 to the electrical connection element 3 through the electrically conductive structure 2 it is lastingly stable.
    [0060] Figure 12 shows, in continuation with the example embodiment of figures 10 and 11, an alternative embodiment of the connecting element 3 according to the invention. The electrical connection element 3 is provided on the surface facing the weld material 4 with a coating containing silver 5. This prevents the spreading of the weld material beyond the coating 5 and limits the outlet flow width b. The outlet flow width b of weld material 4 is less than 1 mm. Critical stresses are not observed in panel 1 due to the arrangement of the weld material 4. The connection of panel 1 to the electrical connection element 3 via electrically conductive structure 2 is long-lasting stable.
    [0061] Figure 13 shows, in continuation with the example embodiment of figures 10 and 11, another alternative embodiment of panel 1 according to the invention with a connecting element 3 with an elliptical base surface. Connection element 3 contains an iron-containing alloy with a thermal expansion coefficient of 8 x 10'6 / ° C. the material thickness is 2 mm. In the region of the contact surface 8 of the connecting element 3 with the electrically conductive structure 2, a hat-shaped compensation element 6 is applied with steel containing chromium of material number 1.4509 in accordance with EN 10 088-2 ( ThyssenKrupp Nirosta® 4509). The maximum layer thickness of the cap-shaped compensation element 6 is 4 mm. by means of the compensation element, it is possible to adapt the thermal expansion coefficients of the connection element 3 to the requirements of the panel 1 and the welding material 4. Hat-shaped compensation elements 6 result in better heat flow during production of the weld connection 4. Heating occurs mainly in the center of the contact surface 8. It is possible to further reduce the outlet flow width b of the weld material 4. Because of the small outlet flow width b of <1 mm and of the adapted expansion coefficient, it is possible to further reduce the thermal stresses in panel 1. The thermal stresses in panel 1 are non-critical, and a durable electrical and mechanical connection is provided between the connecting element 3 and the panel 1 through the structure electrically conductive 2.
    [0062] Figure 14 represents a plan view of an alternative embodiment of the connecting element 3 according to the invention. The connecting element 3 is designed as a rectangle and has a width of 5 mm and a length of 14 mm. The corners of the rectangle are, in each case, rounded with a circular segment with a radius of curvature r of 1 mm, for example. In addition, a connecting cable 18 is welded through the welding region 17 to the connecting element 3. The welding region 17 has a width of 3 mm and a length of 6 mm. Connecting cable 18 is a woven cable made of thin copper wires plated with tin. Cables or wires of braided metal wires can also be used as the connecting cable 18. Alternatively, metal sleeves, plug connectors, or crimped connections can also be electrically conductively connected to the connecting element 3. In particular, the connecting element 3 can also be designed as a one-piece or multi-part clamping sleeve or crimped element.
    [0063] Figure 15 represents a plan view of another alternative embodiment of the connecting element 3 according to the invention. Connecting element 3 is designed as a rectangle, with the two smaller sides of the rectangle designed as semicircles. The connecting element is 5 mm wide and 14 mm long. The welding region 17 has a width of 3 mm and a length of 6 mm.
    [0064] Figure 16 and figure 17 represent another alternative embodiment of the connection element 3 according to the invention with a connection flap 19. The contact surface 8 of the connection element 3 is designed as a circle. The radius of the circle is 4 mm. The connection flap 19 is connected via the welding region 17 to a connection cable 18. Alternatively, the connection flap 19 can also be designed as a flat plug as well as a clamping sleeve or ruffled connector. The connection flap 19 has, in this embodiment, two notches 20, 20 ’. These notches 20, 20 'serve to reduce the material of the connection flap 19. This results in a spring effect and thus in the mitigation of forces that are transferred through the connection cable 18 to the welding contact.
    [0065] Figure 18 represents a cross section through another alternative embodiment of a connecting element 3 according to the invention. The connecting element 3 has the curve 23 in the center. In the region of curve 23, the weld material 4 is thickened.
    [0066] Figure 19 represents a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of the connecting element 3 according to the invention. The connecting element 3 is designed in the form of a bridge and has a first and a second flat foot region with, for example, a length of 7 mm and a width of 5 mm, at the base of which the two contact surfaces 8 are willing. The flat foot regions are connected to each other via a bridge region comprising a flat section, for example, 12 mm long and 10 mm wide. The flat section of the bridge region has a production-related notch 10. Notch 10 always runs to the edge of the flat section of the bridge region, to which the first foot region is connected via a height adaptation transition region. 7. The notch 10 corresponds in shape and size to the section of the connecting element 3 from the first foot region and the height adaptation transition region 7. The contact surfaces 8 have a rectangular shape, with the two corners facing away from the inclined bridge region in each case, by means of the inclination, angles that are too small, in particular angles of 90 ° along the side edges surrounding the contact surfaces 8 are avoided. It has been shown that mechanical stresses on the panel can thus be reduced.
    [0067] The connection element 3 includes a plug connector 9 arranged over the bridge region. Plug connector 9 is connected, on the side edge of the flat section of the bridge region facing the first standing region, to the flat section of the bridge region. Plug connector 9 is designed as a standard flap connector, to which the connection cable coupling (not shown) to the electronic components on board, for example, can be attached.
    [0068] The particular advantage of the modality of the invention lies in the simple production of the connection element 3, at the same time providing a convenient interface for electrical contact (plug connector 9). The standing regions, the bridge region, and the plug connector 9 are formed in one piece. The connecting element 3 is provided in a flat initial state, in which the sections provided as the first foot region and height adaptation transition region 7 are arranged within the notch 10. In the initial state, the plug connector 9 is on the same plane as the flat section of the bridge region. The region provided as the first standing region and the height adaptation transition region 7 can be separated from the flat section of the bridge region, for example, by punching, laser beam machining, or jet machining. water, with a connection remaining between the height transition transition region 7 and the flat section of the bridge region through the connection edge. The plug connector 9 is curved around the connection line between the plug connector 9 and the flat section of the bridge region to the represented position, with the surface facing up in the initial state then facing the region of bridge. The first foot region and the height adaptation transition region 7 are curved above the connecting line between the height adaptation transition region 7 and the flat section of the bridge region to the position shown, with the surface remaining facing upwards in the initial state then forming the base side of the first foot region and the height adaptation transition region 7. Notch 10 is formed by folding the first foot region. The second standing region and the corresponding height adaptation transition region 7 are also curved from the initial flat state to the position shown.
    [0069] Figure 20 represents in detail a method according to the invention for the manufacture of a panel 1 with an electrical connection element 3. An example of the method according to the invention for the manufacture of a panel with a connection element electric 3 is displayed there. As the first step, it is necessary to divide the welding material 4 according to shape and volume. The split weld material 4 is arranged on the contact surfaces 8 of the electrical connection element 3. The electric connection element 3 is arranged with the welding material 4 on the electrically conductive structure 2. A durable connection of the electrical connection element 3 to the electrically conductive structure 2 and thus to the panel 1 takes place via the power supply. Example
    [0070] Test specimens were produced with panel 1 (thickness 3 mm, width 150 cm, and height 80 cm), the electrically conductive structure 2 in the form of a heat conductive structure, the electrical connection element 3 according to Figure 1, the silver layer 5 on the contact surfaces 8 of the connection element 3, and the weld material 4. the material thickness of the connection element 3 was 0.8 mm. The contact surface 8 of the connecting element 3 was 4 mm wide and 4 mm long. Welding material 4 was applied beforehand as a platelet with fixed layer thickness, volume, and shape, on the contact surface 8 of the connecting element 3. The connecting element 3 was applied with the welding material 4 applied on the electrically conductive structure 2. The connection element 3 was welded on an electrically conductive structure 2 at a temperature of 200 ° C and a processing time of 2 seconds. Outflow of the weld material 4 from the intermediate space between the electrical connection element 3 and the electrically conductive structure 2, which exceeded a layer thickness of 50 pm, was observed only for a maximum outlet flow width of b = 0.5 mm. The dimensions and compositions of the electrical connection element 3, the silver layer 5 on the contact surfaces 8 of the connection element 3, and the welding material 4 are found in Table 1. Critical mechanical stresses were not observed in panel 1 in due to the arrangement of the welding material 4, predefined by the connection element 3 and the electrically conductive structure 2. The connection of the panel 1 to the electrical connection element 3 through the electrically conductive structure 2 was long-lasting stable.
    [0071] Due to the capillary effect, the connection element 3 of figure 1a exhibited better adhesion between the connection element 3 and the substrate 1. Due to the arrangement of the welding material 4, critical mechanical stresses were not observed in panel 1. The connection of the panel 1 to the electrical connection element 3 through the electrically conductive structure 2 has been permanently stable.
    Exemplo Comparativo[0072] With all specimens, it was possible to observe, with a temperature difference of +80 ° C to -30 ° C, that no glass substrate 1 broke or showed damage. It was possible to demonstrate that, shortly after welding, these panels 1 with a welded connection element 3 were stable against a sudden drop in temperature. Comparative Example
    [0073] The comparative example was executed in the same way as the example. The difference was the use of a different material for connection element 3. Connection element 3 was 100% by weight of titanium. The connection element 3 thus had lower thermal conductivity, a lower thermal expansion coefficient, and a smaller difference in the thermal expansion coefficients between connection element 3 and substrate 1. The dimensions and components of the electrical connection element 3, a metal layer on the contact surfaces 8 of the connecting element 3 and the welding material 4 are found in Table 2. The connecting element 3 was welded to the electrically conductive structure 2 according to conventional methods by means of the welding material 4 with the outflow of weld material 4 from the intermediate space between the electrical connection element 3 and the electrically conductive structure 2, which exceeded a layer thickness t of 50 pm, an average outlet flow width b = 2 mm to 13 mm was obtained. The low thermal conductivity of the material to the connection element resulted, in the comparative example, in a less uniform heating of the connection element during the welding process.
    [0074] With a sudden temperature difference of +80 ° C to -30 ° C it was observed that the glass substrates 1 had greater damage shortly after welding.
    [0075] The differences in Tables 1 and 2 above and the advantages of the connecting element 3 according to the invention are found in Table 3.
    [0076] It has been demonstrated that panels according to the invention with glass substrates 1 and electrical connection elements 3 according to the invention have better stability against sudden temperature differences. This result was unexpected and surprising for the person specialized in the art. Reference Character List Panel Electrically conductive structure Electrical connection element Welding material Humidification layer Compensating member Region of electrical connection element 3 Contact surface of connection element 3 with electrically conductive structure 2 (9) Plug connector ( 10) Notch (11) Spacer (12) Contact ripple (17) Contact region (18) Connecting cable (19) Connecting tab (20) Notch (20 ') Notch (22) Sub-region of 2 (23 ) Curve b Maximum outlet flow width of the welding material t Limiting thickness of the welding material r Radius of curvature A-A 'Section line B-B' Section line C-C 'Section line D-D' Section line E-E 'Section line
    权利要求:
    Claims (15)
    [0001]
    1. Panel with at least one electrical connection element, comprising: - a substrate (1), - an electrically conductive structure (2) over a region of the substrate (1), - a connection element (3), characterized by the fact that the connecting element (3) contains at least one steel containing chromium, and - a layer of a lead-free solder material (4), which electrically connects the connecting element (3) to subregions of the structure electrically conductive (2).
    [0002]
    2. Panel according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the substrate (1) contains glass, preferably flat glass, float glass, quartz glass, boron silicate glass, sodium-calcium glass, or polymers, preferably polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, and / or mixtures thereof.
    [0003]
    3. Panel according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by the fact that the difference between the thermal expansion coefficient of the substrate (1) and the thermal expansion coefficient of the connection element (3) is <5 x 10 ' 6 / ° C.
    [0004]
    Panel according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the connecting element (3) contains at least 50% by weight to 89.5% by weight of iron, 10.5% by weight to 20% by weight of chromium, 0% by weight to 1% by weight of carbon, 0% by weight to 5% by weight of nickel, 0% by weight to 2% by weight of manganese, 0% by weight to 2 , 5% by weight of molybdenum, or 0% by weight to 1% by weight of titanium.
    [0005]
    5. Panel according to claim 4, characterized by the fact that the connecting element (3) contains at least 75% by weight to 84% by weight of iron, 16% by weight to 18.5% by weight of chrome , 0% by weight to 0.1% by weight of carbon, 0% by weight to 1% by weight of manganese, or 0% by weight to 1% by weight of titanium.
    [0006]
    6. Panel according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the electrically conductive structure (2) contains silver.
    [0007]
    Panel according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the layer thickness of the weld (4) is <3.0 x 10'4 m.
    [0008]
    Panel according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the solder material (4) contains tin and bismuth, indium, zinc, copper, silver, or compositions thereof.
    [0009]
    9. Panel according to claim 8, characterized by the fact that the proportion of tin in the solder composition (4) is 3% by weight to 99.5% by weight and the proportion of bismuth, indium, zinc, copper, silver, or compositions thereof, is 0.5% by weight to 97% by weight.
    [0010]
    10. Panel according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the connecting element (3) is coated with nickel, tin, copper, and / or silver.
    [0011]
    11. Panel according to claim 10, characterized by the fact that the connecting element (3) is coated with 0.1 pm to 0.3 pm nickel and / or 3 pm to 20 pm silver.
    [0012]
    12. Panel according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the connecting element (3) is connected to the subregion (22) of the electrically conductive structure (2) through at least one surface. contact (8) over its entire surface.
    [0013]
    13. Panel according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the contact surface (8) has no corners.
    [0014]
    14. Method for producing a panel with at least one electrical connection element (3), characterized by the fact that a) lead-free soldering material (4) is applied on at least one contact surface (8) of the connection element connection (3) as a platelet with layer thickness, volume, shape, and arrangement, fixed, b) an electrically conductive structure (2) is applied on a substrate (1), c) the connection element (3) is arranged with the welding material (4) on the electrically conductive structure (2), and d) the connection element (3) is welded to the electrically conductive structure (2).
    [0015]
    15. Use of a panel with at least one electrical connection element, as defined in any of claims 1 to 13, characterized by the fact that it is for vehicles with electrically conductive structures, preferably with heat conductors and / or antenna conductors.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    EP2708091B2|2021-06-23|
    DK2708091T4|2021-09-13|
    DK2708091T3|2018-03-26|
    JP6305449B2|2018-04-04|
    PT2708091T|2018-03-23|
    EP2708091A1|2014-03-19|
    KR20140024418A|2014-02-28|
    AR087152A1|2014-02-26|
    EA201391660A1|2014-03-31|
    JP2016085993A|2016-05-19|
    CA2835381C|2018-11-06|
    AU2012252671B2|2015-05-14|
    CN103262646B|2016-04-27|
    PL2708091T3|2018-06-29|
    CN103262646A|2013-08-21|
    US20140182932A1|2014-07-03|
    US20200185839A1|2020-06-11|
    MA35106B1|2014-05-02|
    MX2013013056A|2014-02-20|
    ES2661957T5|2021-12-30|
    ES2661957T3|2018-04-04|
    EA028451B1|2017-11-30|
    DE202012013150U1|2015-02-09|
    US11217907B2|2022-01-04|
    KR20160086425A|2016-07-19|
    TWI464129B|2014-12-11|
    KR101846761B1|2018-04-06|
    AU2012252671A1|2013-11-28|
    JP2014519149A|2014-08-07|
    BR112013028049A2|2017-09-19|
    ZA201308334B|2014-07-30|
    PL2708091T5|2021-09-27|
    TW201302653A|2013-01-16|
    DE202012013541U1|2017-08-16|
    CA2835381A1|2012-11-15|
    HUE037054T2|2018-08-28|
    WO2012152543A1|2012-11-15|
    EP2708091B1|2017-12-20|
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    法律状态:
    2018-12-18| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|
    2019-08-20| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|
    2020-04-28| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2020-10-06| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette]|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 17/04/2012, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    EP11165501|2011-05-10|
    EP11165501.5|2011-05-10|
    EP11165506|2011-05-10|
    EP11165506.4|2011-05-10|
    PCT/EP2012/056964|WO2012152543A1|2011-05-10|2012-04-17|Disk having an electric connecting element|
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